ALternative water LEC 01ALternative water LEC 01, Inżynieria środowiska, Inżynieria Środowiska
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Alternative water treatment Lecture 01 Introduction Stanisław M. Rybicki, Ph.D. (Eng); PE; KM; IWA Chair of Water and Wastewater Treatment (Zakład Oczyszczania Wody i ĺcieków) Room 311 stan@venus.pk.edu.pl 1 Standards of finished (tap) water quality • WHO (World Health Organisation) • Regional objectives – European Union Directives – US EPA Standards • Local Standards – National Standards (EU) – State Standards (US) The WHO guidelines summarize world-wide knowledge regarding potable water impact on consumers. Guidelines are being updated due to development of measurement techniques, better understanding of an impact mechanisms also due to changing aesthetic requirements of consumers. 2 Treatment process choice • Apply only necessary processes • Follow processes that take place in nature • Minimize chemicals’ use • More complicated process costs more • Check by-products formation and handling 3 Treatment process development (last 100 years) • 19 th Century – slow sand filtration, infiltration • 19 th /20 th Century – disinfection • 20’s – sand rapid filtration • 30’s –chemical treatment • 50’s – sorption for taste improvement • 70’s – by-product formation control • 80’s - minimize chemical use • 90’s – biological treatment, quality within the network 4 Follow processes that take place in nature Ï basic examples • Sand filtration – natural infiltration using porous media • Sedimentation – self-purification of an ambient water in reservoirs • Sorption – sorption of organics on clay particles • Ozone generation - lightning • Disinfection – UV/solar radiation • Biological nitrification/denitrification • QUIZ : Coagulation - ?????? 5 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ] |
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